How did the mutapa empire begin according to oral traditon. Monomotapa was a bakalanga kingdom which was centered in the zambezi valley in what are the modern states of northern zimbabwe, north western mozambique and south eastern zambia. Mwene mutapa state monomotapa, munhumutapa, mutapa for short. Mutapas government the portuguese people who arrived in the east african coast in the 1500s thought mwenemutapa was a title of respect for the ruler. Nov 2008 the rise and ultimate expansion of the mutapa state owed in part to the decline of great zimbabwe. Scarcity of reasons such as salt, pastures etc at great zimbabwe. Alpers skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. The empire of great zimbabwe also called mwene mutapa or manhumutapa or mhunhumutapa or monomotapa or mutapa or mwanamutapa was a medieval kingdom 4001629 located in southern africa covering mainly the modern states of zimbabwe and mozambique. Portuguese interests in the mwene mutapa empire were mainly economic. According to oral traditions, nyatsimba mutota migrated from the declining of great zimbabwe and began his conquest of the northern part areas. Zusammenfassung summary over the last decade the southern african nation of zimbabwe has been paralysed by a protracted sociopolitical crisis that still causes immense suffering and violence amongst the population.
About 1450 ad, the rozwi groups gained dominance and established a centralized political system. It stretched from zimbabwe to the mozambique coast. The kingdom of mutapa or any kingdom of zimbabwe holds a captivating history. It has been suggested by some including the archaeologist peter garlake that religion was also significant to the rise and expansion of the mutapa state.
Kingdom of kongo and mwene mutapa kingdom of kongo 901914 located in west central africa, near lower. They established the mwene mutapa empire which ruled until the time of the ngoni invasion in the 1830s. Pronunciation of mwene mutapa with 1 audio pronunciation, 2 translations and more for mwene mutapa. The mwanamutapa empire, headed by a ruler of the same name, was founded c. Mwenemutapa has a few different translations on of them being lord of the plundered lands, and another being. Follow their account to see all their photos and videos. Beach 1994a, where portuguese traders were allowed to provide trade goods to the larger polity but directed through and controlled by its center. Monomotapa high civilization the kingdom of monomotapa popularly known as the mutapa empire or mwenemutapa in africa was a medieval kingdom that was located between river zambezi and limpopo in what is known today as the states of zambia, mozambique and south eastern zambia.
As a result mutota earned the title munhumutapa which means he who conquers andor mwenemutapa owner of the conquered land. Douglas coupland video podcast proyector brazilian soccer podcast nat for the chat natalie verdejo solo mute repeat pod girl pow wow beautiful girlhood by mabel hale. The early political history of the kingdom of mwene mutapa 850. The mutapas control in these far away lands was probably peripheral and not regular. Social security administration public data, the first name mwene was not present. Mutapa aka matapa, mwenemutapa, and monomotapa was a southern african kingdom located in the north of modern zimbabwe along the zambezi river which flourished between the mid15th and mid17th century ce. The fumosa said manual barrett in i667q would declare war, exact tribute. According to oral tradition, the first mwene was a warrior prince named nyatsimba mutota from the kingdom of zimbabwe sent to find new sources of salt in the north. View notes kingdom of kongo and mwene mutapa from ec 214 at johns hopkins university. Reasons for the rise of the mutapa state free zimsec. Zimbabwe and the beginning of the mwene mutapa dynasty.
The first europeans to enter southern africa were the portuguese, who from the 15th century edged their way around the african coast in the hope of outflanking islam, finding a sea route to the riches of india, and discovering additional sources of food. Media in category kingdom of mutapa the following 2 files are in this category, out of 2 total. Social, economic and political organization of african. Dynasties of the mutaparozwi complex cambridge core. The demise of great zimbabwe left the mutapa state dominant in northern. He was the only one who could communicate with the spirits of the ancestors. According to oral traditions, nyatsimba mutota migrated from. Pdf the church, politics and the future of zimbabwe.
European and african interaction from the 15th through the. The mutapa empire monompotapa, developed gradually out of the culture of great zimbabwe between 1200 to 1450. The following reasons can be used to account for the rise and expansion of the mutapa state. This phrase has been preserved in documents as munhu mu tapa, manhumutapa, and the portuguese, monomotapa. Monomotapa kingdom existed between 14501629, it succeeded the great zimbabwe kingdom. The empire was comprised of a karanga majority speaking population. It is possible the name you are searching has less than five occurrences per year. The mutapa gather information concerning the geographical locationrulers extracted labour from their soldiers to cultivate of the gold, the amounts of gold produced, what could betheir lands and for every thirty days work, seven days had exchanged for gold, the african rulers in charge of theto be for the benefit of the mwene mutapa. Mwene matapa historical dynastic title, southern africa. Kingdom of kongo and mwene mutapa kingdom of kongo and.
Pdf on jan 1, 1993, innocent pikirayi and others published the archaeological identity of the mutapa state. At long last, professor alois mlambo has, for the first time, produced a crisp singlevolume book that documents the countrys rich historical experience, covering the entire precolonial, colonial and postcolonial continuum. The kingdom of mutapa is said to have stretched between the zambezi and limpopo rivers. From mutapa to rhodes by aeneas chigwedere 1980 the changing history of the mutapa dynasty by d. Although sometimes described as an empire, there is little evidence that the shona people of mutapa ever established such control over the region. Mutapa empire 1430 to 1760 was an empire, in present day zimbabwe, extending to the mozambique coast. The origin and rise of the mutapa state free zimsec.
In as far as religion is an important component of ideology, this suggestion is plausible. The state emerged around 1500 under nyatsimba mutota, the first mwene king who gained control of the surrounding gold producing region and much of the zambezi river. Livingstone lobengula lower zambezi lunda luyi malawi mfecane migrations military mission missionaries mozambique mwata kazembe mwene mutapa ndebele ndongo ngoni niger nigeria nineteenth century northern nyasaland organisation political portugal portuguese prazos raids region. Beach 1990 a history of uteve under the mwene mutapa rulers 14801834. The kingdom of monomotapa mutapa empire wilsondiop. Valenje vanoti mwame chief or headman of a village. Contentssocial of mutapa stateeconomic activities of the mutapa stateaims of the portuguese in the mutapa statethe rise of mutapa state afternoon once again some more on zimbabwe. The kingdom of mutapa sometimes referred to as the mutapa empire, mwenemutapa was a. The kingdom of mutapa sometimes referred to as the mutapa empire, mwenemutapa, shona.
Pdf the archaeological identity of the mutapa state. Mwene matapa historical dynastic title, southern africa britannica. The mwene conquering king or masterpillager was the designation given to the state which was referred to as mwene mutapa. Mwene mutapa had a strong control over gold production. Spoken tradition explains that the origins of the mutapa empire had officially developed in the beginning of the 15th century, when warrior prince, nyatsimba mutota sent to find new sources of salt in the north. Southern africa southern africa european and african interaction from the 15th through the 18th century. Vamambwe vanoti mutapa a negligent, careless person.
The emperor was a semidivine religious leader, a military leader and the chief priest. Mwene mutapa is shona for ravager of the lands, and was also the. However during the 15th century the mutapa maintained unity and managed to restrict portuguese attempts to gain control of the markets and trade routes. The mwene bantu term for lord, specifically a conquering king was the title giving rise to the state being referred to as mwene mutapa. The meaning of the name mutapa is the conquered lands. Mwene during a 1 day tournament over in moshi townplaying with his team st constantines lake chala september 20 lake chala september 20 1. Ravager of the landsalso spelled mwene mutapa or monomotapa, title borne by a line of kings ruling a southeast african territory between the zambezi and limpopo rivers, in what is now zimbabwe and mozambique, from the 14th to the 17th century. This kingdom was founded in 1425, succeeding the kingdom of the great zimbabwe. It is sufficient to note that the time period encompassed a complex struggle in which five main contenders took part at various times the mwene mutapa kingdom, the changamire kingdom, portugal.
Mutapa empire article about mutapa empire by the free. The first mwene was a warrior prince named nyatsimba mutota who. A similar misrepresentation of the name mwene mutapa is its change to munhumutapa to suggest that the mutapas were not only kidnappers of children, but also enslavers of ablebodied adults for cheap labour to build the great stone monuments found throughout the mutapa kingdom, of which great zimbabwe is just the biggest and wellpublicised in. Their domain was often called the empire of the mwene matapa, or simply matapa or mutapa, and is associated with the. Kingdom of mutapa great discoveries in archaeology. The rise of militaristic and ambitious leaders such as mutota. Consequently the mwene mutapas played a very dominant role in the longdistance trade with the portuguese. It was believed that when mwene mutapa died, he became a mudzimu and automatically qualified to be worshipped as a national ancestral spirit. According to oral tradition the first mwene was a warrior prince nyatsimbamutota from great zimbabwe who was sent to find new sources of salt in the north.
Dynasties of the mutaparozwi complex volume 11 issue 2 edward a. Mwene we mutapa or more commonly and modern munhumutapa. In the 1500s, the portuguese were, in politicoadministrative senses, akin to the swahili traders who had formerly dominated trading. Mwene mutapa is shona for ravager of the lands, and was also the title held by the dynasty of kings who ruled the territory, which was between the zambezi and limpopo rivers. This kingdom was founded by a royal member from its successor. King mwene mutapa and his people are believed to be. Ravager of the landsalso spelled mwene mutapa or monomotapa, title borne by a line of kings ruling a southeast african territory. The kingdom of mwene mutapa was the aftermath of the decline of great zimbabwe in 1420. When great zimbabwe began its economic and military decline in the late 1400s, some of the citys elites migrated 200 miles north to the zambezi river and established the shortlived shona state of monomotapa mutapa. The kingdoms of kongo and mwene mutapa firm agricultural base people began developing skills of. Mutapa is thought to be established around 1430, and was eventually taken over by the portuguese in 1760. The mutapa state was located on the northern part of modern day zimbabwe. The emperor was the head of the state and government.
1069 1209 691 1591 460 908 1648 569 1461 837 544 576 8 398 1386 829 343 1587 198 1115 871 129 895 867 1165 1397 1031 1319